Proteomics Approach Identifies Factors Associated With the Response to Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis Therapy in Patients With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome

Low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A) has been shown to reduce proteinuria in a subgroup of nephrotic syndrome patients refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. Factors influencing the efficacy of LDL-A in nephrotic syndrome are completely unknown. Using a proteomics approach, we aimed to identify biological markers that predict the response to LDL-A in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Identification of plasma proteins bound to the dextran-sulfate column at the first session of LDL-A was determined by mass spectrometry. To investigate biological factors associated with the response to LDL-A, we compared profiles of column-bound proteins between responders (defined by more than 50% reduction of proteinuria after the treatment) and non-responders by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled to mass spectrometry in seven patients with SRNS. Evaluation of proteins adsorbed to LDL-A column in patients with SRNS revealed the identity of 62 proteins, which included apolipoproteins, complement components, and serum amyloid P-component (SAP). Comparative analysis of the column-bound proteins between responders and non-responders by 2-DE demonstrated that apolipoprotein E (APOE) and SAP levels were increased in non-responders as compared with responders. These results were confirmed by western blotting. Moreover, serum levels of APOE and SAP were significantly higher in the non-responder group than in the responder group by ELISA. Our data provide comprehensive analysis of proteins adsorbed by LDL-A in SRNS, and demonstrate that the serum levels of APOE and SAP may be used to predict the response to LDL-A in these patients.