Effects of subchronic treatment with natural human interferons on antipyrine clearance and liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis

To determine whether natural human interferon administered under the usual therapeutic dosing scheme would inhibit the hepatic drug metabolism, we performed an antipyrine test in eight patients with chronic B or non-A, non-B hepatitis before and after a subchronic interferon therapy (6 megaunits/day for 17 ± 4 days, mean ± SD). Six patients received interferon-β and 2 received interferon-α. To circumvent a possible influence of interferon-induced fever on the hepatic drug metabolism, the antipyrine test during interferon therapy was performed at least 14 days after the interferon-induced fever disappeared. The kinetic parameters of antipyrine were obtained from seven saliva samples over 32 hours postdose. There were no significant differences in any kinetic parameters of antipyrine observed before and during the interferon therapy. With the sample size of the study, there was only a 20% chance (i.e., β-power = 0.8 at α = 0.05) that we might have missed a 17% reduction in antipyrine clearance by the interferon therapy (type II error). On the other hand, the subchronic interferon therapy lowered serum aminotransferase and DNA polymerase activity significantly (P < .05) compared with the respective baseline values. Our results suggest that the subchronic therapeutic dosing scheme of interferon as conducted in the present study does not cause the inhibitory effect on the oxidative drug metabolism to a statistically significant or clinically relevant degree in patients with chronic hepatitis, while it improves their liver function. Further studies are required for determining if different types of interferons administered under the different dosing schemes would alter the hepatic drug metabolism and the inhibitory effect would be time-dependent.